New Delhi: India has officially notified Pakistan, seeking amendments to the 64-year-old Indus Water Treaty (IWT) in response to longstanding disputes and evolving challenges. The notification, issued on August 30 under Article XII(3) of the treaty, calls for a review of its provisions to address modern concerns, particularly those related to the Kishanganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects.

The IWT, signed in 1960, governs the distribution of the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers, which are allocated to Pakistan, while India has rights over the eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej. The treaty allows India to generate electricity from run-of-the-river projects, a point of contention for Pakistan, which has frequently raised concerns over its potential impact on water flow.

India's notification highlights the need to reassess obligations under the treaty due to changes in population demographics, environmental issues, the need to accelerate clean energy development, and the impact of cross-border terrorism. The notification also calls for a review of the treaty’s dispute resolution mechanisms, citing ongoing issues related to the Kishanganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects.

The World Bank, involved in the resolution of these disputes, has activated both the Neutral Expert mechanism and the Court of Arbitration to address the concerns raised by both countries.

India has called for government-to-government negotiations with Pakistan to discuss modifications to the treaty, aiming for a more sustainable and contemporary approach to shared water management.