Dhaka: Bangladesh is grappling with a complex and volatile political landscape as Islamist groups, particularly Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI) and Hefazat-e-Islam, intensify their influence amid ongoing unrest. These groups have been instrumental in recent protests that have swept the nation, capitalizing on widespread discontent over issues like government job quotas and pension reforms. The resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has further emboldened these Islamist factions, leading to increased violence and instability.

Jamaat-e-Islami, a group with a controversial history, has been at the forefront of the unrest, organizing demonstrations and rallies that have often turned violent. Accusations of inciting violence and clashes with security forces have been leveled against the group, which has a strong presence among radical Islamists and those with pro-Pakistani sentiments. The student wing of JeI, Islami Chhatra Shibir, has also played a significant role in mobilizing the youth, transforming student protests into a broader political movement marked by violence.

Another influential player, Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh (HIB), has similarly been involved in large-scale demonstrations. The group has long advocated for the implementation of Sharia law in Bangladesh and has pushed for conservative measures that include restrictions on women’s rights and the introduction of anti-blasphemy laws. Hefazat’s involvement has added a religious dimension to the protests, particularly as they mobilize their substantial following in rural areas.

The political influence of these Islamist groups is not new. Jamaat-e-Islami, in particular, has been a polarizing force in Bangladesh for decades, with its alleged involvement in war crimes during the 1971 liberation war still casting a long shadow over the group. Since the Awami League came to power in 2009, Jamaat’s involvement in violent demonstrations has increased, particularly after its registration was canceled. The group has consistently framed the Awami League as anti-Islamic and pro-Indian, fueling its narrative among conservative segments of the population.

Hefazat-e-Islam, despite claiming no interest in politics, has also made its presence felt in the political arena, particularly in moments of national crisis. The group previously supported Jamaat during the 2013 Shahbagh movement, which called for the trial of Jamaat leaders responsible for war crimes. However, Hefazat later allied with the Awami League, believing it could become the most powerful Islamic organization in the absence of Jamaat. This alliance shifted when Hefazat turned against the Awami League, playing a key role in mobilizing opposition during the recent protests.

The involvement of these Islamist groups has significantly impacted public opinion in Bangladesh. While some view JeI as a threat to national stability, others see the crackdown on the group by the former Awami League government as an attack on political dissent. Hefazat’s radical demands, which include curbing freedom of expression and restricting minority rights, have also raised concerns about the future direction of the country.

The situation has created a sense of fear and uncertainty among the general public, with many worried about the potential for further violence and its impact on daily life. The ultra-conservative outlook of these groups, particularly their opposition to secular education and women’s rights, underscores the broader tensions within Bangladeshi society. Hefazat’s dismissal of other interpretations of Islam and its history of supporting violence to achieve its goals further complicates the country’s political landscape.

While the Bangladesh Army is largely seen as a secular institution, there have been instances where certain factions within the military have had ties to Islamist groups like Jamaat-e-Islami. These connections have occasionally influenced the political landscape, particularly during periods of unrest. The army’s decision not to enforce a curfew during the recent protests, effectively withdrawing support from Hasina, played a crucial role in the outcome of the unrest.

As Bangladesh navigates this tumultuous period, the actions of JeI, Hefazat-e-Islam, and similar groups highlight the dangers of mixing religion with politics. The situation remains tense, with ongoing debates about the future direction of the country and the role of Islamist groups in shaping it. With the public deeply divided, the road ahead for Bangladesh appears uncertain, marked by the potential for further unrest and the challenges of maintaining national stability.